Citizen empowerment through smart surveillance: evidence from Indian smart cities

PurposeCitizens often perceive surveillance by government authorities as oppressive and, hence, demonstrate reluctance in value co-creation from such services. This study aims to investigate the challenges and benefits of citizen empowerment through technology-driven surveillance or "smart surveillance.”Design/methodology/approachGuided by Dynamic Capability theory, the authors conduct in-depth interviews with officers in-charge of surveillance in smart cities. Given the contemporary advancements, this approach allows a retrospective and real-time understanding of interviewees' experiences with smart surveillance.FindingsThe authors develop five propositions for citizen empowerment through smart surveillance to summarize the findings of this study.Research limitations/implicationsThis study advances the relevance of Dynamic Capability in public administration.Practical implicationsSmart city authorities and policymakers may leverage the insights provided in this study to design appropriate policies for smart surveillance.Originality/valueThe authors find that factors such as digital technology and infrastructure, information management, skill divide and perceived return on investment may influence citizen empowerment through smart surveillance.

Do the people of Jakarta trust Jakarta Kini super application?

Research trust in e-government has increased through the decades. Trust in e-government is an important instrument for citizens who intend to use digital services. The aim of this research is to measure and provide an overview of how the level of people trust Jakarta Kini super-application as an e-Government in DKI Jakarta. This study uses a factor score analysis with the Mplus program and OECD method to characterize the trust level of the valid instruments SRMR, CFI, and TLI values. The pre-test results on the validity and reliability of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 1687 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the level of trust of the people in DKI Jakarta is in the medium to high category. It was found based on the factor score value in accordance with the average level of trust in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, which was 7.5 out of 10, with a scale of 1 indicating no trust at all, to a scale of 10 indicating full trust from the entire population. This level belongs to the medium to full trust level category. The lesson learned is that the government must take action to increase trust, such as identifying factors affecting the public use of the Jakarta Kini super-application. This study provides a discussion of the findings, and limitations and further proposes potential directions for future research.

Physical to virtual: challenges and opportunities for a neighbourhood-based employment support initiative

PurposeThis paper aims to explore challenges and opportunities of shifting from physical to virtual employment support delivery prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic. It investigates associated changes in the nature and balance of support and implications for beneficiary engagement with programmes and job search.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on longitudinal interviews conducted with beneficiaries and delivery providers from a neighbourhood-based employment support initiative in an English region with a strong manufacturing heritage between 2019 and 2021. The initiative established prior to the Covid-19 pandemic involved a strong physical presence locally but switched to virtual delivery during Covid-19 lockdowns.FindingsMoving long-term to an entirely virtual model would likely benefit some beneficiaries closer to or already in employment. Conversely, others, particularly lone parents, those further from employment, some older people and those without computer/Internet access and/or digital skills are likely to struggle to navigate virtual systems. The study emphasises the importance of blending the benefits of virtual delivery with aspects of place-based physical support.Originality/valuePrevious studies of neighbourhood-based employment policies indicate the benefits of localised face-to-face support for transforming communities. These were conducted prior to the Covid-19 pandemic and the more widespread growth of virtual employment support. This study fills a gap regarding understanding the challenges and opportunities for different groups of beneficiaries when opportunities for physical encounters decline abruptly and support moves virtually.

Digital Transformation Strategies, Practices, and Trends: A Large-Scale Retrospective Study Based on Machine Learning

The purpose of this research is to identify the areas of interest, research topics, and application areas that reflect the research nature of digital transformation (DT), as well as the strategies, practices, and trends of DT. To accomplish this, the Latent Dirichlet allocation algorithm, a probabilistic topic modeling technique, was applied to 5350 peer-reviewed journal articles on DT published in the last ten years, from 2013 to 2022. The analysis resulted in the discovery of 34 topics. These topics were classified, and a systematic taxonomy for DT was presented, including four sub-categories: implementation, technology, process, and human. As a result of time-based trend analysis, "Sustainable Energy”, "DT in Health”, "E-Government”, "DT in Education”, and "Supply Chain” emerged as top topics with an increasing trend. Our findings indicate that research interests are focused on specific applications of digital transformation in industrial and public settings. Based on our findings, we anticipate that the next phase of DT research and practice will concentrate on specific DT applications in government, health, education, and economics. "Sustainable Energy” and "Supply Chain” have been identified as the most prominent topics in current DT processes and applications. This study can help researchers and practitioners in the field by providing insights and implications about the evolution and applications of DT. Our findings are intended to serve as a guide for DT in understanding current research gaps and potential future research topics.

Digital Transformation in Vietnam: Policies, Results and Recommendations

This paper attempts to elucidate Vietnam's strategies and policies for fostering digital transformation. Vietnam has made some progress in the digital transformation of its economy but there are challenges to achieving further progress. Business enterprises struggle to adopt digital technologies due to technical, financial and regulatory constraints. These constraints include conversion costs, internal infrastructure resources, data leakages and ineffective regulations. The government has provided support for the digital transformation of enterprises through improvements in its å framework for the digital economy, promotion of science and technology, taxation regime and SME assistance. The government should undertake further legal reforms to support digital transformation, strengthen digital human resources and enhance e-government capabilities.

Strategic Investment Policies for Digital Transformation: The Case of Indonesia

Consumption and production of digital goods and services have increased in Indonesia for the past ten years. A fast-growing e-commerce sector and an increase in digital payments supported the strong growth of the digital economy. Although Internet and digital transactions emerged in the late 1980s, the regulatory framework governing digital activities was only introduced in 2008 with the enactment of the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions. The government of Indonesia has relaxed foreign capital restrictions and provided fiscal incentives for digital businesses. Indonesia has also made commitments related to digital business in recent trade agreements in terms of the mutual recognition of consumer protection and cross-border data transfer. To encourage the use of ICT in public service, Indonesia introduced the 100 Smart City programme and has begun the implementation of electronic-based public service and operation (e-government). The government accelerated digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic by increasing the budget allocations for ICT in 2020 and 2021. To further accelerate digital transformation, the government needs to focus on digital literacy, nationwide integrated infrastructure, regulatory and institutional mechanisms and the innovation ecosystem.

Smart Urban Governance in Epidemic Control: Practices and Implications of Hangzhou

Appropriate governance tools can facilitate urban governments' effective responses to crises. Supported by information and communication technologies (ICTs), e-government infrastructure can be employed to achieve smart governance in epidemic control. Examining the case of Hangzhou, this paper discusses the Chinese megacity's adoption of e-government infrastructure as a means of combating the COVID-19 epidemic and stimulating recovering of the economy. This paper also summarizes several policy implications that may serve as points of reference for other cities when formulating their crisis response strategies. The paper concludes that smart governance rooted in the use of e-government infrastructure has exhibited great potential for public health crisis management.

E-Government as a Key to the Economic Prosperity and Sustainable Development in the Post-COVID Era

Our paper focuses on the role of e-government in relation to economic development within the post-COVID era. Nowadays, e-government represents the service which utilizes digital technology to create electronic pathways to improve the efficiency of public services, increase economic prosperity, and improve the standard of living. In this paper, we argue that e-government presents the only proper and viable model for public administration in the 21st century by embedding internet-based technologies to ensure smooth interactions between the government and its citizens, solving the most socially important problems, enabling internal communication between public servants, and delivering public services to the entire population regardless of age or gender. In addition, we show that stakeholders and policymakers should foster the development of an adequate and non-discriminatory environment for e-government through regulatory frameworks, policy guidelines, and government guarantees. Our study is based on the results of our own survey that was administered using a snowball and quasi-random sample of 400 respondents (aged 19–26 years;56.2% females and 43.8% males) from the Czech Republic (N = 136) and the Russian Federation (N = 264), of whom 58% were women and 42% were men (M ± SD = 45.53 ± 11.46, median age 44). Our results show that the e-government enhancement concept has been perceived as an effective tool for fostering economic prosperity, tackling corruption, and helping to avoid uncertainty. Based on the theories of customer-focus and relationship marketing, this study suggests that the most significant factor influencing the success of e-government projects is citizen orientation, followed by channel and channel orientation, and technology orientation. We show that the governments of developing countries should prioritize e-government applications in their requests for international assistance and cooperation, as well as international financial support. Moreover, we argue that digital transformation should become the key element of the changing business and market needs in the post-COVID era.

Advanced Modelling of the Interplay between Public Governance and Digital Transformation: New Empirical Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling and Gaussian and Mixed-Markov Graphical Models

The research conducted in this paper aims to appraise the interlinkages between public governance and digital transformation at the level of the European Union. We employ two advanced approaches to modelling longitudinal data compiled at the level of the EU-27 Member States during the 2010–2021 period, namely, structural equation modelling and Gaussian and Mixed-Markov graphical models. The main results indicate positive impacts on government effectiveness arise from the human capital involved in complex activities that engage the use of digital services, e-government users, and integration of digital technologies, and the effect of demands and supplies of digital public services using open data. This further supports the government's capabilities in enforcing regulations and policies to control corruption and sustain the achievement of digital skills, at least at a basic level, by the entire society. Moreover, good perceptions and a higher degree of confidence in the rules of law have a positive influence on the need for connectivity of digital services, especially the supply side of fixed and mobile broadband. Lastly, a relevant impact of regulatory quality is identified in the digital connectivity of broadband infrastructure, which is enclosed by the public governance representative indicators under the influence of a stronger integration of digitalisation.

The role of e-government in disaster management: A review of the literature

Aim/purpose - Disasters or catastrophic events create unforeseen circumstances and require new approaches from local and national administrations in addressing the negative impacts on society and the economy. Determining the role of e-government in providing the kind of services that are especially needed has become particularly relevant during COVID-19. This paper aims to assess the progress and current state of research on the role of e-government during or in the aftermath of catastrophic events. The purpose of this research is twofold: one, to benefit scholars by providing directions and a basis for further research, and two, to offer guidance to decision-makers involved with disaster management. Design/methodology/approach - The methodology used in this study is a systematic literature review. Multiple databases, including EBSCO, Elsevier, Emerald, JSTOR, Google Scholar, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Taylor and Francis, and Wiley Online Library were searched for appropriate papers. In total, 36 papers published between 2004 and 2022 met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Findings - The study produced three types of findings. First, an analysis of the themes and trends in the existing literature. Second, a synopsis of the published research findings in the reviewed papers. And third, a description of the needs and opportunities for further research. Research implications/limitations - This study should help other researchers in directing their efforts in further exploration, and it should help people involved with real-life disaster management to navigate through the effective role and application of e-government. The main limitation is that we found only 36 research papers that met our inclusion criteria. Originality/value/contribution - Despite the potentially critical role that e-government may have in mitigating the negative effects of catastrophic events, research on e-government in disaster management seems to be still underdeveloped, and to our knowledge, there is no published systematic review of such research.

Determinants of continuance intention of using e-government services in Tanzania: the role of system interactivity as moderating factor

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the continuance intention of using e-government services in Tanzania as well as moderating effects of system interactivity.Design/methodology/approachA research model based on expectancy confirmation model was developed and empirically tested using 213 data collected from e-government services users who were selected using the judgemental sampling technique. The variance-based structural equation modelling technique was used for data analysis using SmartPLS 3.0.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that system interactivity, computer self-efficacy, management support, confirmation, satisfaction and perceived usefulness have a positive and significant influence on continuance intention to use e-government services. Moreover, the findings of this study indicate that system interactivity moderates the influence of perceived usefulness and satisfaction on continuance intention.Originality/valueThis study extends the expectancy confirmation model with system interactivity, management support and computer self-efficacy which are considered as important factors in continuance usage of technology. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effect of system interactivity on the effects of perceived usefulness and satisfaction on continuance intention.

The Impact of Digitalization on Public Administration, Economic Development, and Well-Being in the EU Countries

Purpose: Digitalization has been the driving change in creating jobs and increasing economic growth in recent years. However, the digitalization of countries and sectors is uneven. The paper focuses on various factors that have an impact on the economic development and well-being in EU countries. Its purpose is to show the evolution of EU countries in terms of digital transformation and how other indicators, such as e-government, human development index, labour productivity, and economic growth influenced the well-being in EU countries in 2019-2021. Design/methodology/approach: The dataset consists of 15 numerical indicators extracted from Eurostat and World Bank databases. We apply principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Findings and Practical Implications: The main research results show that the first dimension - named the impact of innovation on well-being - is dominated by e-government, the percentage of ICT specialists in total, internet use by individuals, the Human Development Index, the Digitalization Index, the Happiness Indicator, human capital, and the integration of digital technology. The second dimension is characterized by government expenses and productivity. Finally, the third dimension is dominated by the GDP growth rate. 77.67% of the total variance is explained by the first three principal components. Originality: Four clusters have been identified by means of the K-Means clustering algorithm. All four clusters are well determined, with cluster 1 including the three Nordic countries ranking first, followed by cluster 3 of well-developed countries and cluster 4 containing mainly emerging economies.

Effective Communication Strategy to Mitigate Citizen Complaints: Case from Kazakhstan

This paper explores the potential impacts of effective communication strategies on handling with citizen complaints. Governments from all over the world recently learnt a number of important lessons as a result of poor public relations during the COVID-19 outbreak. Public confusion and misunderstanding may result from poor government communication, not just during the global coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the benefits of the recently launched eOtinish services for citizen complaints, as well as their implementation process, benefits, and obstacles. This quick analysis of Kazakhstan's evolving eOtinish program review is meant to serve as a conceptual starting point for future studies on effective e-government adoption. This article provides government with recommendations for establishing effective citizen complaint strategies through effective communication channels for use with the public. By using the eOtinish as a case study we propose to understand technological change in the public sector, in particular, how technology influences administrative capacity, through a new concept of technological capacity. The results of this study suggest in order to seek new solution in managing people complaint government reach to conclusion that implementation of technological changes fundamentally alter how public organizations function and how services are delivered.

The Impact of ‘Compulsory’ Shifting to Use e-Services during COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions Period on e-Services Users’ Future Attitude and Intention “Case Study of Central European Countries/Visegrád Group (V4)”

This study takes advantage of COVID-19 experience in regards of ‘compulsory’ shifting toward using e-services to evaluate Central European countries’ citizens’ future attitude and intention to keep using e-services after COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures end regarding the case study of Visegrád Group (V4) countries: Czech, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia, considering the impact of users’ satisfaction with e-services during that period, taking age and gender as control variables. Total of 354 survey responses used in analyzing distributed questionnaire answers. The study found 84% of V4 countries’ users between 18–35 years old were satisfied and willing to keep using e-services, whereas only 44.5% of 46–55-year-old users have this future willingness, the vast majority of oldest respondents between 56–65 don’t intend to keep using e-services after COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures end, while only 16.6% having the intention to do so. Moreover, this research finds no impact of gender on e-services satisfaction, attitude and intention in regard to the study. One of the main contributions of this study is raising attention to the decreasing intentions to keep using e-services among users above 35 as their age increases, addressing this weakness is very important to involve older generations in future digitizing-projects and successful e-government implementation.

Crisis as driver of digital transformation? Scottish local governments’ response to COVID-19

The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has, from the outset, been characterized by a strong focus on real-time data intelligence and the use of data-driven technologies. Against this backdrop, this article investigates the impacts of the pandemic on Scottish local government’s data practices and, in turn, whether the crisis acted as a driver for digital transformation. Mobilizing the literatures on digital government transformation, and on the impacts of crises on public administrations, the article provides insights into the dynamics of digital transformation during a heightened period of acute demands on the public sector. The research evidences an intensification of public sector data use and sharing in Scottish local authorities, with focus on health-related data and the integration of existing datasets to gather local intelligence. The research reveals significant changes related to the technical and social systems of local government organizations. These include the repurposing and adoption of information systems, the acceleration of inter and intraorganizational data sharing processes, as well as changes in ways of working and in attitudes toward data sharing and collaborations. Drawing on these findings, the article highlights the importance of identifying and articulating specific data needs in relation to concrete policy questions in order to render digital transformation relevant and effective. The article also points to the need of addressing the persistent systemic challenges underlying public sector data engagement through, on one hand, sustained investment in data capabilities and infrastructures and, on the other, support for cross-organizational collaborative spaces and networks.

La creciente concentración del poder local: la performance del Partido Nacional en las Elecciones Municipales en Uruguay 2020

Desde 2010, con el establecimiento del tercer nivel de gobierno, el ciclo electoral uruguayo agregó una instancia adicional: las municipales. El Partido Nacional (PN) había logrado capitalizar exitosamente las elecciones locales, creciendo en importancia ciclo a ciclo;sin embargo, las elecciones de 2020 fueron la primera elección municipal que el PN afrontaba como Gobierno nacional;de ahí la interrogante sobre el mantenimiento o cambio de esta tendencia. En este artículo nos proponemos abordar esta cuestión a partir de una descripción de los resultados de las Elecciones Municipales 2020 utilizando, para ello, algunos de los indicadores e índices más difundidos en la disciplina para su análisis. Asimismo, en este manuscrito destacamos los principales hitos de este ciclo electoral.Alternate :Since 2010, with the establishment of the third level of government, the Uruguayan electoral cycle has added an additional stage: the Municipal Elections. The Partido Nacional (PN) had successfully exploited these new elections. However, the 2020 elections were the first municipal elections that the PN faced as head of the national government. Hence, the question of whether this trend would continue or change. In this article, we propose to address this question through a description of the results of the 2020 municipal elections using some of the most widespread indicators and indices in the discipline for their analysis. At the same time, the main milestones of this electoral cycle will be highlighted.

Comparison of Smart Governance in Response to Handling COVID-19 (Case Study: South Tangerang City, Yogyakarta City, Surabaya City)

This study aims to look and compare how the Implementation of Smart Governance conducted by the Government of South Tangerang City, Yogyakarta City, and Surabaya in handling the impact of COVID-19. In addition, this study also wants to see how smart governance ideas and the readiness of the governments of the three cities in the impact of COVID-19. This research method uses explorative qualitative research method in analyzing more in-depth related to ideas, government readiness both from human resources and technology used, and how it is implemented in handling the impact of COVID-19. The data source in this study uses secondary data derived from articles, journals, official government websites, and online media time series in one week analyzed using Netlytics. The findings obtained in this study show that first, it has similarities in the delivery of information through a special website for COVID-19 services and information. The third city is actively providing information about COVID-19, social and economic impacts, health protocols, healthy lifestlyes, efforts to prevent, spread, and recover from the effects of COVID-19, which is integrated with ICT. However, the findings by analyzing the Twitter social media found that the Yogyakarta city government was more active and dominant in responding to COVID-19 than the City of Surabaya and South Tangerang.

Nexus of E-government, cybersecurity and corruption on public service (PSS) sustainability in Asian economies using fixed-effect and random forest algorithm

Purpose>E-government development (EGD) is vital in enhancing the institutional quality and sustainable public service (SPS) delivery by eradicating corruption and cybersecurity crimes.Design/methodology/approach>The present study applied econometric fixed-effect (FE) regression analysis and random forest (RF) algorithm through machine learning for comprehensive estimations in achieving SPS. This study gauges the nexus between the EGD as an independent variable and public service sustainability (PSS) as a proxy of public health services as a dependent variable in the presence of two moderators, corruption and cybersecurity indices from 47 Asian countries economies from 2015 to 2019.Findings>The computational estimation and econometric findings show that EGD quality has improved with time in Asia and substantially promoted PSS. It further explores that exercising corruption control measures and introducing sound cybersecurity initiatives enhance PSS's quality and support the EDG effect much better.Practical implications>The study concludes that E-Government has positively impacted PSS (healthcare) in Asia while controlling cybersecurity and institutional malfunctioning made an E-Government system healthier and SPS development in Asia.Originality/value>This study added a novel contribution to existing E-Government and public services literature by comprehensively applied FE regression and RF algorithm analysis. Moreover, E-Government and cybersecurity improvement also has taken under consideration for PSS in Asian economies.

EVALUACIÓN DE POLÍTICAS. SALUD Y SANIDAD

Se revisan datos y métodos para evaluar las políticas sanitarias y de salud, de enorme trascendencia económica durante la pandemia, y la institucionalización de la evaluación en España. Durante la pandemia, el gasto sanitario es solo una pequeña parte del coste total de la COVID. La prevención es altamente coste-efectiva. Proponemos áreas para evaluación: digitalización en sanidad, gestión indirecta de la gestión sanitaria, tecnologías de alto coste, intervenciones económicas y fiscales sobre la salud de la población, modelo MUFACE, y las consecuencias a largo plazo de la COVID-19 sobre la salud y sobre la desigualdad.Alternate :We review data and methods for evaluating health and health policies, of enormous economic significance during the pandemic, and the institutionalization of evaluation in Spain. During the pandemic, health expenditure is only a small part of the total cost of COVID. Prevention is highly cost-effective. We propose areas for evaluation: digitalization in healthcare, indirect management of healthcare management, high-cost technologies, economic and fiscal interventions on population health, MUFACE model, and the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on health and inequality.

Current state and prospects for the development of Digital financial literacy in Ukraine

The digitalization of financial services of banks and financial institutions has become important in the digital economy and has spread significantly during the pandemic. Digital financial literacy has become urgency. For its part, this has led to a new cycle in the development of digital financial literacy. The purpose of this article is to study the development of digital financial literacy in CEE countries and to develop recommendations for the implementation of national strategies for digital financial literacy, including for Ukraine. Identify factors and potential problems that may arise on a result of developing and implementing national digital strategies of financial literacy and identify the main components and indicators for evaluating the implementation of these strategies. Determined that, Ukraine has everything necessary for the successful implementation of initiatives in the field of financial technologies, namely: growing penetration of mobile communications and the Internet, innovative banking institutions, the availability of world-class talent.The creation of a separate unit on digital financial literacy in the National Bank of Ukraine, responsible for implementing the national strategy of digital financial literacy will ensure the unity of scientific and economic policy and integration of NDFIS development goals into digital modernization projects based on powerful feedback mechanisms. The main tasks of such a unit will be to develop appropriate methodological support for selecting and tracking the results of the implementation of the national strategy, assisting staff employed in the implementation of NDFIS and even reviewing the existing structure and powers of executive bodies at national and local levels.